- Citizenship by investment programs allow individuals to acquire a second passport by making significant financial contributions to a country’s economy.
- Minimum investment amounts and requirements differ significantly by country.
Citizenship by investment programs give wealthy individuals the chance to secure a second passport by making significant financial contributions. The requirements vary by country, but these programs typically seek investments in businesses, development funds, or direct donations.
In return, obtaining a second passport offers benefits like visa-free travel, tax advantages, or a backup plan in the event of political or economic turmoil.
In this visualization, we break down the required contributions across 13 countries offering citizenship by investment, showing how much applicants need to spend to qualify.
The data for this visualization comes from Henley & Partners, highlighting the minimum contribution required by select countries offering citizenship by investment.
Note that this is not an exhaustive list, and that many other countries have some form of investment migration legislation.
| Country | Required Investment Contribution (USD) |
|---|---|
| 🇳🇷 Nauru | $130,000 |
| 🇩🇲 Dominica | $200,000 |
| 🇦🇬 Antigua & Barbuda | $230,000 |
| 🇲🇰 North Macedonia | $232,860 |
| 🇬🇩 Grenada | $235,000 |
| 🇱🇨 St. Lucia | $240,000 |
| 🇪🇬 Egypt | $250,000 |
| 🇰🇳 St. Kitts & Nevis | $250,000 |
| 🇹🇷 Türkiye | $400,000 |
| 🇯🇴 Jordan | $493,640 |
| 🇲🇪 Montenegro | $524,000 |
| 🇲🇹 Malta | $698,580 |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | “Substantial contribution” required |
The More Affordable Options
At the lower end of the spectrum, Nauru offers a relatively cheaper program at about $130,000. The country’s passport provides visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to nearly 90 countries, though it lacks the broader travel privileges of Caribbean or European citizenship programs.
Dominica, Antigua & Barbuda, and St. Lucia are also affordable, requiring investments between $200,000 and $240,000. These Caribbean programs are popular for their cost-effectiveness and the travel flexibility they provide within the region.
Here’s a closer look at the benefits of Dominica’s citizenship by investment program:
- Offers visa-free travel to over 140 destinations
- Ability to include a spouse, unmarried children under 31, and parents & grandparents aged 65 and older
- Citizenship by descent available for future generations
To qualify for the program, applicants have the option of making a non-refundable contribution of $200,000 to Dominica’s Economic Development Fund (for a single applicant), or making a real estate purchase with a minimum value of $200,000.
Mid-Tier Investment Thresholds
Countries like Türkiye, Grenada, and Egypt fall in the middle range, with required contributions between $235,000 and $400,000.
Launched in 2017, Türkiye’s program has become attractive due to its large real estate market and access to both European and Middle Eastern travel corridors.
Applicants have many options to participate in the program, including, but not limited to:
- Acquire $400,000 worth of real estate
- Deposit at least $500,000 into a Turkish bank account
- Create jobs for at least 50 people, as attested by the Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Services
High-End Citizenship Programs
At the top end, Malta and Montenegro require close to or more than $500,000, while Austria demands a “substantial contribution,” often exceeding several million.
These higher thresholds reflect the perceived value of EU citizenship, which offers broad visa-free access, stability, and economic advantages. As of 2025, Austria’s passport is considered the fourth most powerful in the world.
Credit: Visual Capitalist
