Global Trade Dominance: U.S., EU, or China (2000 vs. 2024)

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This dual world map compares global trade dominance by identifying the largest trading partner (combined exports and imports) for each country in the years 2000 and 2024—among the United States, European Union, and China.
In 2000, the U.S. was the top trading partner for most of the Americas, several major Asia-Pacific economies, and parts of Africa. The EU dominated trade with much of Europe, large parts of Africa and Asia, and significant portions of South America. China was the largest partner for only a few smaller economies, including Myanmar, Mongolia, North Korea, Oman, Sudan, and Yemen.

By 2024, China’s trade footprint expanded dramatically, becoming the largest trading partner for nearly all of Asia, much of Africa, and the majority of South America. The U.S. maintained dominance in North America and select countries in South America. The EU remained the leading partner for much of Europe, North Africa, and nearby regions, but its global reach diminished relative to China’s.

China’s total trade surged from $474 billion in 2000 to $6.2 trillion in 2024, overtaking both the U.S. and EU to become the world’s leading trading power.

Dataset

Dominant Trade Partner U.S., EU, or China
Million US$
2000 2000 2000 2024 2024 2024
U.S. EU China U.S. EU China
Afghanistan 9 112 25 Afghanistan 34 325 1,586
Albania 29 1,060 14 Albania 270 7,905 1,342
Algeria 3,586 21,028 199 Algeria 3,476 50,184 12,487
Andorra 11 936 0 Andorra 8 2,023 11
Angola 3,781 2,355 1,876 Angola 2,552 10,279 20,890
Anguilla 31 13 Anguilla 74 5 7
Antigua and Barbuda 140 1,363 1 Antigua and Barbuda 598 335 120
Argentina 7,795 10,857 1,540 Argentina 16,263 17,734 16,347
Armenia 79 370 5 Armenia 282 2,603 1,802
Aruba 1,827 259 Aruba 736 285 87
Australia 18,920 22,981 8,453 Australia 51,279 53,361 211,899
Austria 5,818 781 Austria 22,046 12,243
Azerbaijan 231 1,248 6 Azerbaijan 413 19,315 2,467
Bahamas 1,344 1,524 8 Bahamas 7,432 764 1,273
Bahrain 787 1,239 121 Bahrain 2,851 3,816 1,474
Bangladesh 2,657 3,546 918 Bangladesh 10,580 24,014 24,078
Barbados 346 224 3 Barbados 821 201 197
Belarus 135 2,781 114 Belarus 31 8,791 8,401
Belgium 23,855 3,687 Belgium 62,028 39,091
Belize 302 175 4 Belize 672 129 213
Benin 29 592 372 Benin 265 785 1,107
Bermuda 468 2,271 Bermuda 564 276 345
Bhutan 2 13 Bhutan 7 20 69
Bolivia 438 366 17 Bolivia 905 1,161 2,721
Bosnia and Herzegovina 62 2,299 4 Bosnia and Herzegovina 232 16,456 417
Botswana 73 663 11 Botswana 509 984 1,012
Brazil 29,173 32,665 2,845 Brazil 91,983 96,724 188,395
British Indian Ocean Terr. 4 6 British Indian Ocean Territory 6 1
British Virgin Islands 94 484 1 British Virgin Islands 373 218
Brunei 540 411 74 Brunei Darussalam 366 274 2,814
Bulgaria 350 94 Bulgaria 1,980 4,040
Burkina Faso 18 271 Burkina Faso 59 950 742
Burma 488 489 621 Myanmar 734 3,896 16,286
Burundi 10 83 5 Burundi 10 132 113
Cabo Verde 11 239 Cabo Verde 17 891 114
Cambodia 857 440 224 Cambodia 12,983 6,968 17,818
Cameroon 215 2,424 161 Cameroon 442 5,142 4,722
Canada 409,779 36,870 6,909 Canada 762,056 81,809 93,036
Cayman Islands 361 2,090 Cayman Islands 1,336 7,174 77
Central African Republic 5 266 1 Central African Republic 36 113 95
Chad 15 150 1 Chad 141 2,685 1,131
Chile 6,730 8,012 2,122 Chile 34,637 21,748 61,482
China 116,203 92,442 Christmas Island 4 0
Christmas Island 2 Cocos (Keeling) Islands 4 0
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1 Colombia 36,728 13,948 21,040
Colombia 10,640 4,043 188 Comoros 7 84 97
Comoros 4 32 0 Congo (Brazzaville) 277 3,204 5,714
Congo (Brazzaville) 614 710 342 Congo (Kinshasa) 576 4,056 25,938
Congo (Kinshasa) 225 1,199 19 Cook Islands 8 99 21
Cook Islands 4 0 Costa Rica 21,312 7,788 7,760
Costa Rica 5,999 3,106 75 Côte d’Ivoire 1,611 13,381 5,056
Cote d’Ivoire 479 3,221 230 Croatia 1,995 2,956
Croatia 231 8,081 85 Cuba 591 1,839 915
Cuba 7 1,983 314 Curacao 855 516 88
Cyprus 214 152 Cyprus 242 1,147
Czech Republic 1,806 437 Czech Republic 12,362 23,222
Denmark 4,472 1,334 Denmark 15,848 15,455
Djibouti 17 181 54 Djibouti 185 259 3,059
Dominica 44 60 60 Dominica 61 60 47
Dominican Republic 8,856 1,391 76 Dominican Republic 20,587 4,768 5,184
East Timor East Timor 25 37 267
Ecuador 3,276 1,452 155 Ecuador 16,056 8,193 13,981
Egypt 4,222 10,931 907 Egypt 8,638 35,169 17,387
El Salvador 3,713 852 63 El Salvador 6,868 1,145 1,967
Equatorial Guinea 250 806 323 Equatorial Guinea 223 1,786 1,154
Eritrea 17 95 Eritrea 38 66 604
Estonia 661 67 Estonia 1,439 1,148
Eswatini 120 142 3 Eswatini 69 153 51
Ethiopia 194 641 59 Ethiopia 1,484 2,435 3,555
Falkland Islands(Islas Malvin 3 145 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 27 380 0
Faroe Islands 33 624 Faroe Islands 251 2,157
Fiji 170 146 15 Fiji 354 116 534
Finland 4,822 3,190 Finland 10,594 8,216
France 50,162 7,667 France 103,424 79,826
French Guiana 19 French Guiana 31
French Polynesia 138 496 4 French Polynesia 186 1,061 147
French Southern and Antarctic 2 French Southern and Antarctic 2 32 0
Gabon 2,260 1,983 342 Gabon 343 2,585 3,642
Gambia 9 121 Gambia 83 304 496
Gaza Strip admin. by Israel 1 Gaza Strip admin. by Israel 1
Georgia 141 562 4 Georgia 1,902 5,429 2,251
Germany 87,961 19,687 Germany 236,049 201,847
Ghana 396 2,257 121 Ghana 2,139 6,914 11,826
Gibraltar 17 1,240 Gibraltar 651 9,065 43
Greece 1,813 627 Greece 4,857 12,862
Greenland 17 531 6 Greenland 81 1,679 383
Grenada 107 41 Grenada 179 79 28
Guadeloupe 96 Guadeloupe 474
Guatemala 4,508 898 143 Guatemala 14,735 3,167 5,037
Guinea 156 793 34 Guinea 145 2,049 11,583
Guinea-Bissau 1 46 5 Guinea-Bissau 4 205 98
Guyana 299 261 14 Guyana 6,690 10,958 1,407
Haiti 874 120 16 Haiti 1,831 167 456
Heard and McDonald Islands 1 Heard and McDonald Islands 0
Honduras 5,674 570 62 Honduras 12,590 2,087 2,033
Hong Kong 26,031 30,128 53,947 Hong Kong 33,859 30,597 310,009
Hungary 3,284 997 Hungary 15,965 16,176
Iceland 516 3,169 32 Iceland 2,058 9,290 443
India 14,354 24,392 2,914 India 129,169 129,813 138,570
Indonesia 12,769 14,807 7,464 Indonesia 38,287 29,459 147,985
Iran 186 12,822 2,486 Iran 97 4,911 13,374
Iraq 6,076 6,844 975 Iraq 9,083 24,126 54,236
Ireland 24,177 714 Ireland 119,824 23,415
Israel 20,710 24,734 1,054 Israel 37,010 46,025 22,732
Italy 36,103 6,880 Italy 108,768 72,484
Jamaica 2,024 871 79 Jamaica 3,006 734 1,090
Japan 211,404 126,549 83,164 Japan 227,949 140,887 308,321
Jordan 390 1,725 253 Jordan 5,396 5,202 5,364
Kazakhstan 553 4,827 1,557 Kazakhstan 3,408 48,628 43,976
Kenya 348 1,643 137 Kenya 1,520 3,635 8,829
Kiribati 6 1 1 Kiribati 5 9 54
North Korea 3 335 488 North Korea 2 11 2,182
South Korea 68,138 40,192 34,500 South Korea 197,091 133,782 328,154
Kuwait 3,568 5,148 616 Kosovo 83 2,756
Kyrgyzstan 25 194 178 Kuwait 4,055 13,800 16,283
Laos 14 169 41 Kyrgyzstan 150 3,073 22,718
Latvia 422 29 Laos 844 630 8,222
Lebanon 432 2,991 169 Latvia 1,177 1,148
Lesotho 141 28 10 Lebanon 799 5,918 2,205
Liberia 89 2,385 161 Lesotho 240 318 153
Libya 18 14,402 77 Liberia 293 1,871 13,163
Liechtenstein 292 Libya 2,033 30,544 4,748
Lithuania 195 39 Liechtenstein 310 2,945
Luxembourg 729 99 Lithuania 3,941 2,195
Macao 1,337 970 805 Luxembourg 1,836 748
Macedonia 221 2,355 7 Macao 384 1,122 4,042
Madagascar 173 898 78 Macedonia 234 14,181 490
Malawi 69 279 Madagascar 787 1,864 1,680
Malaysia 36,506 24,691 8,045 Malawi 68 453 266
Maldives 100 148 1 Malaysia 80,240 50,178 212,009
Mali 42 377 35 Maldives 97 319 619
Malta 817 95 Mali 57 1,243 1,078
Marshall Islands 66 84 2 Malta 581 4,540
Martinique 24 Marshall Islands 148 2,380 5,312
Mauritania 17 673 30 Martinique 202
Mauritius 310 1,911 113 Mauritania 143 2,035 2,439
Mexico 247,275 19,941 1,824 Mauritius 283 1,803 1,103
Micronesia 43 1 2 Mayotte 4
Moldova 133 809 8 Mexico 839,892 89,045 109,273
Monaco 51 Micronesia 53 3 123
Mongolia 134 123 323 Moldova 190 8,190 465
Montserrat 11 5 0 Monaco 210
Morocco 964 12,885 336 Mongolia 424 1,026 18,269
Mozambique 81 350 33 Montenegro 43 2,756 226
Namibia 125 609 12 Montserrat 18 4 1
Nauru 5 5 Morocco 7,174 65,493 9,041
Nepal 265 249 204 Mozambique 366 2,882 5,172
Netherlands 31,507 7,923 Namibia 436 2,145 1,368
Netherlands Antilles 1,393 841 33 Nauru 3 20
New Caledonia 51 766 3 Nepal 241 332 2,198
New Zealand 4,050 4,233 1,054 Netherlands 123,782 109,922
Nicaragua 969 320 43 New Caledonia 63 814
Niger 44 255 New Zealand 10,116 8,489 20,143
Nigeria 11,260 9,594 856 Nicaragua 7,563 705 1,252
Niue 0 Niger 52 538 836
Norfolk Island 2 Nigeria 9,873 32,891 21,905
Norway 7,253 67,687 1,097 Niue 5 19
Oman 457 1,222 3,321 Norfolk Island 0 1
Pakistan 2,629 4,324 1,162 Norway 11,175 173,652 10,172
Palau 32 1 Oman 3,274 5,390 36,734
Panama 1,919 1,903 1,291 Pakistan 7,259 12,972 23,069
Papua New Guinea 57 309 226 Palau 23 52 43
Paraguay 487 419 89 Panama 11,258 5,898 12,830
Peru 3,655 2,602 705 Papua New Guinea 146 1,162 4,606
Philippines 22,734 12,611 3,142 Paraguay 3,515 1,519 2,592
Pitcairn Islands 3 2 Peru 20,587 13,326 43,165
Poland 1,799 960 Philippines 23,475 18,186 71,625
Portugal 2,563 308 Pitcairn 1 0
Qatar 677 1,588 472 Poland 25,673 44,924
Reunion 4 Portugal 9,637 9,266
Romania 706 298 Qatar 5,638 16,067 24,213
Russia 9,751 79,582 8,003 Reunion 56
Rwanda 24 92 6 Romania 5,164 13,445
Samoa 70 6 2 Russia 3,534 73,068 244,574
San Marino 8 200 Rwanda 75 477 670
Sao Tome and Principe 2 43 Samoa 60 6 113
Saudi Arabia 20,599 25,868 3,098 San Marino 105 514
Senegal 86 1,326 53 Sao Tome and Principe 2 104 21
Serbia and Montenegro 32 3,614 68 Saudi Arabia 25,911 75,666 107,429
Seychelles 15 268 2 Senegal 586 4,839 5,827
Sierra Leone 23 290 9 Serbia 1,024 46,473 5,729
Singapore 36,985 30,526 10,821 Seychelles 24 616 84
Slovakia 351 56 Sierra Leone 149 569 1,782
Slovenia 452 70 Singapore 89,236 51,975 111,205
Solomon Islands 6 15 14 Sint Maarten 855 150 65
Somalia 5 41 1 Slovakia 8,740 9,714
South Africa 7,299 24,376 2,051 Slovenia 6,625 6,634
Spain 12,036 2,772 Solomon Islands 14 124 596
Sri Lanka 2,207 3,297 458 Somalia 52 177 972
St Helena 4 29 South Africa 20,475 48,390 52,511
St Kitts and Nevis 95 54 South Sudan 60 59 466
St. Lucia 130 103 2 Spain 45,189 50,002
St Pierre and Miquelon 8 29 Sri Lanka 3,384 4,020 5,367
St Vincent and the Grenadines 47 293 St Lucia 1,051 54 43
Sudan 19 669 890 St Pierre and Miquelon 3 42 0
Suriname 270 276 11 St Vincent and the Grenadines 151 93 34
Svalbard, Jan Mayen Island 0 Sudan 70 656 1,394
Sweden 14,151 3,503 Suriname 474 454 425
Switzerland 20,114 125,766 2,210 Svalbard, Jan Mayen Island 0
Syria 385 5,067 174 Sweden 26,183 18,892
Taiwan 64,909 Switzerland 88,387 356,780 62,878
Tajikistan 21 130 17 Syria 13 397 390
Tanzania 77 705 91 Taiwan 158,601 77,240 293,055
Thailand 23,003 18,556 6,624 Tajikistan 61 612 3,863
Togo 17 359 80 Tanzania 778 2,105 8,883
Tokelau 16 Thailand 81,047 45,341 133,997
Tonga 12 5 Togo 374 1,316 3,499
Trinidad and Tobago 3,329 853 27 Tokelau 0 6
Tunisia 383 11,900 99 Tonga 23 2 70
Turkey 6,762 46,573 1,205 Trinidad and Tobago 6,266 3,174 1,167
Turkmenistan 112 422 16 Tunisia 1,627 27,163 2,882
Turks and Caicos Islands 95 10 0 Turkey 32,039 228,001 42,890
Tuvalu 2 Turkmenistan 97 1,192 10,648
Uganda 57 449 15 Turks and Caicos Islands 725 53 20
Ukraine 1,063 9,436 591 Tuvalu 1 19
United Arab Emirates 3,256 13,476 2,495 Uganda 239 1,962 1,463
United States 408,859 74,531 Ukraine 2,870 72,658 8,013
United Kingdom 84,916 9,903 United Arab Emirates 34,444 60,144 101,785
Uruguay 850 1,207 344 United Kingdom 148,026 546,174 98,354
Uzbekistan 199 1,137 51 Uruguay 2,878 4,148 6,590
Vanuatu 2 14 2 Uzbekistan 423 5,194 13,785
Venezuela 24,173 5,619 351 Vanuatu 21 16 206
Vietnam 1,189 5,134 2,466 Vatican City 1
Yemen 445 663 912 Venezuela 10,220 3,192 6,407
Wallis and Futuna 8 Vietnam 149,659 72,545 260,741
West Bank admin. by Israel 14 73 6 Wallis and Futuna Islands 0 24 2
Western Sahara Yemen 143 646 2,494
Zambia 37 284 102 Palestine 10 373 155
Zimbabwe 165 975 135 Zambia 283 793 6,693
Credit: Visual Capitalist 

 

 

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