March 16, 2024

All the World’s Endangered Languages, By Country

The New Diplomat

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By Stephen Jones

Almost half of the world’s approximately 7,000 signed and spoken languages are currently endangered.

This graphic, from Stephen Jones, CEO of Derivation.co, examines the current global landscape of languages that could become extinct.

Almost 90 million Speak Languages at Risk of Extinction

An extinct language is one that no longer has any first-language or second-language speakers.

In modern times, languages have usually become extinct due to cultural assimilation, leading to language shift, and the gradual abandonment of a native language in favor of a foreign language, primarily those of European countries.

For instance, numerous Native American languages were supplanted by English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, or Dutch due to European colonization of the Americas.

Currently, out of the world’s 7,168 living languages, 3,078 (43%) are classified as Endangered. Over 88 million people speak languages at risk of extinction.

Locations	Endangered Languages
Indonesia	425
Papua New Guinea	312
Australia	190
United States	180
China	133
Nigeria	128
Mexico	124
India	114
Brazil	107
Cameroon	83
Malaysia	82
Canada	66
Nepal	62
Russian Federation	62
Vanuatu	55
Philippines	48
Peru	43
Tanzania	40
Sudan	39
Colombia	37
Iran	36
Democratic Republic of the Congo	34
New Caledonia	30
Vietnam	29
Bolivia	25
Rest of the world	594
Total	3078

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Additionally, 100 of them face the genuine threat of extinction within a few decades if no action is taken.

While every language matters to the individuals speaking, writing, and signing them across the planet, 80% of endangered languages (2,484) exist within just 25 countries.

Of those, the top four countries alone – Indonesia (425), Papua New Guinea (312), Australia (190), and the U.S. (180) – account for well over a thousand endangered languages.

Just as during the colonization period, the majority of endangered languages are spoken in Indigenous communities, putting their inherent culture and knowledge at risk of loss.

Languages, however, can be revitalized.

Over the last 50 years, for example, government support to teach native languages in schools has helped increase the number of speakers of the Māori language in New Zealand, and Hawaiian in the American state.

Advancements in AI are also providing tools to preserve languages.

Source: Visual Capitalist

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